Weapons - Forks  (cha) - continued
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) was struggling to survive in the late 16th century. The Altan Khan had led Mongol
raiders to attack northwestern China several times - they rampaged as far east as Beijing in 1550. During the same
period the Pacific coast of China was frequently attacked by pirates alleged to be Japanese. Qi Ji Guang ( 戚繼光
November 12, 1528 - January 17, 1588) fought against the Mongols in the attack on Beijing and later (1555) was  
assigned to protect the area around Zhejiang from pirates. He published two versions of the Jixiao Xinshu, his
commentaries on military tactics. The first version was printed in 1561 and had 18 chapters. Qi was forced to retire 
some years later and published a revised version with 14 chapters in 1584. Here is one of the drawings of a squad-sized
 (5 or 10 men) tactical unit that would be arrayed in a formation known as a Mandarin Duck.

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