I-MAG STS   2012
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We are informed by our friends at Galluadet there is no legal definition of deafness as there is for blindness, so 'deaf' and 'deafness' can have a variety of meanings. There are at least three possible  descriptions:

Deaf, both ears 0.18%
Cannot hear or understand any speech 0.23%
At best, can hear or understand words shouted in the better ear 0.49%

Wikipedia estimates that, worldwide, 1 in 1000 people are deaf. (0.1%)

Considering the
world population was 6.6 billion,
0.10% =   6.6 million
0.18% = 11.9 million
0.23% = 15.2 million
0.49% = 32.3 million

So, depending on the accuracy of the statistics, and how you define deafness, the answer could be anywhere between 6 million and 40 million. With all due respect, since we often write or edit Wikipedia articles, the Wikipedia estimate is rubbish.